Planning to Save a Species: the Jaguar as a Model

نویسندگان

  • ERIC W. SANDERSON
  • KENT H. REDFORD
  • CHERYL-LESLEY B. CHETKIEWICZ
  • RODRIGO A. MEDELLIN
  • ALAN R. RABINOWITZ
  • JOHN G. ROBINSON
  • ANDREW B. TABER
چکیده

International conservation planning at the end of the twentieth century is dominated by coarse-filter, supra-organismal approaches to conservation that may be insufficient to conserve certain species such as the jaguar ( Panthera onca ). If we are to retain broadly distributed species into the next century, we need to plan explicitly for their survival across their entire geographic range and through political boundaries while recognizing the variety of ecological roles the species plays in different habitats. In March 1999 the Wildlife Conservation Society sponsored a priority-setting and planning exercise for the jaguar across its range, from northern Mexico to northern Argentina. Field scientists from 18 countries reached consensus on four types of information: (1) the spatial extent of their jaguar knowledge, (2) the known, currently occupied range of jaguars, (3) areas with substantial jaguar populations, adequate habitat, and a stable and diverse prey base, and (4) point localities where jaguars have been observed during the last 10 years. During the exercise, these experts also conducted a range-wide assessment of the long-term survival prospects of the jaguar and developed an algorithm for prioritizing jaguar conservation units occurring in major habitat types. From this work, we learned that the known, occupied range of the jaguar has contracted to approximately 46% of estimates of its 1900 range. Jaguar status and distribution is unknown in another 12% of the jaguar’s former range, including large areas in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. But over 70% of the area where jaguars are thought to still occur was rated as having a high probability of supporting their long-term survival. Fifty-one jaguar conservation units representing 30 different jaguar geographic regions were prioritized as the basis for a comprehensive jaguar conservation program. Planeación para Salvar una Especie: El Jaguar como Modelo Resumen: La planeación de la conservación internacional al final del siglo veinte esta dominada por enfoques de grano grueso, supra-organísmicas que pueden ser insuficientes para conservar ciertas especies como el jaguar ( Panthera onca ). Si hemos de mantener especies ampliamente distribuidas en el próximo siglo, necesitamos planificar su supervivencia explícitamente en todo su rango geográfico a través de límites políticos al mismo tiempo que se reconozca la variedad de funciones ecológicas de las especies en diferentes hábitats. En marzo de 1999 la Sociedad de Conservación de Vida Silvestre promovió un ejercicio de definición de prioridades y de planeación para el jaguar en todo su rango de distribución, desde el norte de México hasta el norte de Argentina. Científicos de 18 países llegaron a consensos en cuatro tipos de información: (1) la extensión espacial de su conocimiento del jaguar, (2) el rango conocido, actualmente ocupado por el jaguar, (3) áreas con poblaciones importantes, hábitat adecuado y una base de presas estable y diversa y (4) localidades en las que se han observado jaguares durante los últimos 10 años. Durante el ejercicio, estos expertos también hicieron una evaluación de la supervivencia a largo plazo del jaguar en todo su rango y desarrollaron un algoritmo para priorizar unidades de conservación del jaguar en los tipos de hábitat más importantes. De este trabajo, aprendimos que el rango del jaguar conocido y ocupado se ha contraído aproximadamente al 46% de su rango estimado circa de 1900. El estatus del jaguar y su distribución en otro 12% del rango anterior, incluyendo extensas áreas en México, Colombia y Brasil. Sin embargo, más del 70% del área donde se piensa que todavía ocurre el jaguar fue considerada con una alta probabilidad de soportar la supervivencia a largo plazo. Se priorizaron 51 unidades de conservación representando 30 regiones diferentes como la base para un sólido programa de conservación del jaguar. ‡ email [email protected] Paper submitted August 14, 2000; revised manuscript accepted April 25, 2001.

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تاریخ انتشار 2002